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Camillo Borghese was born in Rome, the son of the pro-Napoleon Marcantonio IV Borghese (1730-1800) and brother of Francesco (1776-1839), Prince Aldobrandini, and entered France's service in 1796. He became the second husband of Napoleon's sister Pauline Bonaparte in 1803 (after the death of her first husband Charles Leclerc). He was made a prince of France in 1804; a troop-commander in the Imperial Guard in 1805 and soon afterwards oberst (and late division general) and duke of Guastalla; and in 1809 commander of 27th and 28th Division of the French Army.
Channels: Ancient ArtExhibitionsRoman Art
Before Napoleon Dynamite there was Napoleon Bonaparte. Looting as he conquered foreign lands, French general Bonaparte amassed an impressive collection of Roman art to bring home to Paris. Follow the adventures of this notorious leader and discover his exploits along the way.
When museums, like the Louvre, acquired objects that were uprooted from their original soil, it was part of an international trend that had been going on for thousands of years.
Up until the 19th century, it was very common for people to acquire, in various ways, elements of the past.
The rules of ancient warfare as were the rules of warfare throughout most of history, up until very recently, is conquest equaled ownership.
Pack them up and ship them home. Without any assumption they were doing anything wrong, other than preserving things.
The thing to appreciate is that the Roman antiquities, of all kinds, fascinated the imperial French, Napoleon himself.
Napoleon had a personal fascination with the Roman world. He saw himself in the guise of an emperor.
This was a culture that was desperate to find iconography of a new empire. Where better to go, than ancient Rome?
And if it involved a little bit of international smash and grab, so much the better, Napoleon was good at this.
When he conquered Italy in 1797, according to the Treaty of Tolentino, 100 objects at the
French's choice could be taken, that was part of the peace treaty.
There actually was a big procession down Champs-Elysees to almost like a triumphal procession that the Romans had
in bringing this war's folia into Paris.
Napoleon reaches into his own extended Corsican family, his sisters, his brothers, to find suitable candidates for the kingdom.
Napoleon's sister was married to a Borghese. The Borghese's were Roman aristocrats.
It just so happened that Prince Camillo Borghese was Napoleon's brother-in-law, had some gambling debts,
Napoleon said well, we'll make you good that will cost you 500 works of sculpture.
And because there was a financial exchange, the Borghese thought they did not have to be returned to Italy.
Once Napoleon falls, in 1815, there was the question what to do with the stuff that has been demanded back!
When Napoleon ultimately lost, many of the works of art were returned to Italy.
The Louvre kept a certain number of them by exchanging other works that they had with the former owners. So that there are a number of the pieces in the exhibition, that came to the Louvre that way.
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